S
00XP
← Unit 10 · Probability with combinations

Lesson

Read the rule, then work each example: try the setup yourself, then tap to check one step at a time.

The rules

Probability = ways you want ÷ all ways

P = C(pool₁, want₁) × C(pool₂, want₂) ÷ C(total, picked); the 'want' numbers add up to the number picked.

  1. Total ways: C(total, picked). TVs: C(10,3) = 120.
  2. Wanted ways: one C per pool, multiplied.
  3. Check: all cases add to the total (8 + 56 + 56 = 120).
  4. Identical items (socks) still count as separate objects: red pair 55/171.

At least one = 1 − none

P(at least one) = 1 − P(none); P(at least two) = 1 − P(0) − P(1).

Dice sums: list the combos, then count the orders

For 3 dice, list each set of faces that works, then count its orders: 3 different faces → 6, one pair → 3, all same → 1.

  1. Washers in size order: 2 good orders ÷ 5! = 2/120 = 1/60.
  2. 2 prizes, 50 tickets, you hold 2: C(2,2)/C(50,2) = 1/1225.
Traps and calculator keys are on the unit page →

Worked examples (9)

Example 1 · 2.6 #1a0/4

List the sample space of selecting 3 pieces of fruit from the given 6

___

On a lunch counter, there are 3 oranges, 1 apple, and 2 bananas. If 3 pieces of fruit are selected, find the probability that 1 orange, 1 apple, and 1 banana are selected.

Try the setup yourself first, then tap.

Example 2 · 2.6 #1b0/4

List the events of getting 1 orange, 1 apple, and a banana

___

On a lunch counter, there are 3 oranges, 1 apple, and 2 bananas. If 3 pieces of fruit are selected, find the probability that 1 orange, 1 apple, and 1 banana are selected.

Try the setup yourself first, then tap.

Example 3 · 2.6 #1c0/4

Find the probability of getting 1 orange, 1 apple and 1 banana.

___

On a lunch counter, there are 3 oranges, 1 apple, and 2 bananas. If 3 pieces of fruit are selected, find the probability that 1 orange, 1 apple, and 1 banana are selected.

Try the setup yourself first, then tap.

Example 4 · 2.6 #1d0/4

Use combination to find the probability

___

On a lunch counter, there are 3 oranges, 1 apple, and 2 bananas. If 3 pieces of fruit are selected, find the probability that 1 orange, 1 apple, and 1 banana are selected.

Try the setup yourself first, then tap.

Example 5 · 2.6 #20/4

When 2 dice are rolled, find the probability of getting a sum of 8.

___

Try the setup yourself first, then tap.

Example 6 · 2.6 #30/4

When 3 dice are rolled, find the probability of getting a sum of 8.

___

Try the setup yourself first, then tap.

Example 7 · 2.6 #4a0/5

exactly 1 TV is defective

___

The quality assurance engineer of a television manufacturer inspects TVs in lots of 100. He selects 5 of the 100 TVs at random and inspects them thoroughly. Assuming that 6 of 100 TVs in the current lot are defective, find the following probabilities

Round all answers to 3 decimal places

Try the setup yourself first, then tap.

Example 8 · 2.6 #4b0/5

None is defective

___

The quality assurance engineer of a television manufacturer inspects TVs in lots of 100. He selects 5 of the 100 TVs at random and inspects them thoroughly. Assuming that 6 of 100 TVs in the current lot are defective, find the following probabilities

Round all answers to 3 decimal places

Try the setup yourself first, then tap.

Example 9 · 2.6 #4c0/5

At least 1 is defective

Notes: D = Defective G = Good

G G G G G
G G G G D
D G G D G
G D D D G
D D D G D
D D D D D

___

The quality assurance engineer of a television manufacturer inspects TVs in lots of 100. He selects 5 of the 100 TVs at random and inspects them thoroughly. Assuming that 6 of 100 TVs in the current lot are defective, find the following probabilities

Round all answers to 3 decimal places

Try the setup yourself first, then tap.